Make America Great Again in Fight for Womens Rights

Past the time the last battle over ratification of the 19th Amendment went down in Nashville, Tennessee in the summertime of 1920, 72 years had passed since the first women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York.

More than 20 nations around the world had granted women the right to vote, along with 15 states, more than half of them in the West. Suffragists had marched en masse, been arrested for illegally voting and picketing exterior the White House, gone on hunger strikes and endured brutal beatings in prison—all in the name of the American woman's right to vote. Come across a timeline of the push button for the 19th Subpoena—and subsequent voting rights milestones for women of color—below.

Watch: Susan B. Anthony: Rebel for the Cause on HISTORY Vault

1848 - Seneca Falls

Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other participants at the inaugural women's rights convention at Seneca Falls adopt the Declaration of Sentiments, which calls for equality for women and includes a resolution that women should seek the right to vote. The suffrage resolution passes past a narrow margin, helped forth by the support of the famed abolitionist Frederick Douglass, an early on ally of women'southward rights activists.

READ MORE: The Women's Suffrage Motility Began with a Tea Party

1869 - Wyoming Passes Women's Suffrage Law

Tensions erupt inside the women's rights motility over the recently ratified 14th Subpoena and the proposed 15th Subpoena, which would give the vote to Black men, but not women. Stanton and Susan B. Anthony institute the National Woman Suffrage Association to focus on fighting for a women's suffrage amendment to the Constitution, while Lucy Stone and other more bourgeois suffragists favor lobbying for voting rights on a land-by-state basis.

Despite the longtime clan between the abolitionist and women's rights movements, Stanton and Anthony's refusal to support ratification of the 15th Amendment leads to a public suspension with Douglass, and alienates many Black suffragists.

In December, the legislature of Wyoming territory passes the nation's first women's suffrage law. Admitted to the Union in 1890, Wyoming will become the start state to grant women the right to vote.

1872 - Suffragists Arrested for Voting in NY

Anthony and more than than a dozen other women are arrested in Rochester, New York after illegally voting in the presidential election. Anthony unsuccessfully fought the charges, and the court fined her $100, which she never paid.

1878 - California Senate Drafts Amendment

Senator Aaron Sargent of California introduces a women'south suffrage amendment to the U.S. Senate for the offset fourth dimension. Drafted by Stanton and Anthony, information technology reads: "The right of citizens of the United states of america to vote shall not exist denied or abridged by the United states or past whatsoever State on account of sexual activity." (When Congress passes the amendment 41 years later, the wording will remain unchanged.)

1890 - NAWSA Forms

The two sides of the women's motion reunite, forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). With Stanton as president, the organization focuses on a state-by-state fight for voting rights.

1896 - Blackness Suffragists Organize National Group

A grouping of women including Harriet Tubman, Frances E.W. Harper, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Church Terrell form the National Association of Colored Women Clubs (NACWC). In addition to women's enfranchisement, the organization advocates for equal pay, educational opportunities, task preparation and access to child care for Blackness women.

Early 1900s - Black Suffragists Barred from Conventions

African-American women fighting for the right to vote continue to face discrimination from white suffragists, especially as the latter grouping seeks support in Southern states. In 1901 and 1903, the NAWSA conventions in Atlanta and New Orleans bar Black suffragists from attending.

READ MORE: How Early Suffragists Left Black Women Out of Their Fight

1913 - Alice Paul Creates Militant Grouping

Alice Paul, vice president of the National Women's party, broadcasts plans for the dedication of the new national headquarters in Washington, D.C. from her desk at the Capitol, 1922.

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Impatient with the pace of the land-by-state fight for suffrage, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns break from NAWSA and constitute the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (subsequently the National Woman's Political party) to press for federal action. Inspired by the tactics of Keen Uk's more than militant suffragists, Paul leads a protest march of some 5,000 to 10,000 women in Washington, D.C. on the day of Woodrow Wilson's inauguration.

1916-17 - Jeanette Rankin Elected to Congress, 'Night of Terror'

Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin is presented with the flag that flew at the House of Representatives during the passage of the suffrage amendment, 1918.

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Jeanette Rankin of Montana, a former NAWSA lobbyist, becomes the kickoff adult female elected to Congress. With the U.S. entrance into Earth War I, NAWSA president Carrie Chapman Catt commits the organization to working toward the war effort. Paul and others have a different approach, holding peaceful protests outside the White Firm calling for Wilson to support women'southward suffrage. Many of the protesters are arrested and jailed for obstructing sidewalk traffic; Paul and others undertake hunger strikes to bring attending to their cause.

On November 14, 1917, guards at the Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia beat and terrorize 33 women arrested for picketing, an ordeal that will get known equally the "Night of Terror."

READ More: 'Night of Terror': When Suffragists Were Imprisoned and Tortured

1918 - President Wilson Changes Position, Supports Suffrage

In January 1918, Rep. Rankin opens argue in the Firm of Representatives on a Constitutional amendment guaranteeing women'south suffrage. The House votes in favor, but the amendment fails to win a two-thirds majority in the Senate. In a speech to Congress in September, President Wilson officially changes his position to support a federal women's suffrage subpoena.

1919 - Business firm, Senate Pass Amendment, Ratification Try Begins

On May 21, 1919, the House once more passes what would go the 19th Amendment, popularly known as the Susan B. Anthony Subpoena. The Senate follows suit on June 4 past a narrow margin (simply over the ii-thirds requirement), and information technology goes to the states to exist ratified. Ratification requires 36 states, or iii-quarters of those in the Union at the fourth dimension.

11 states—Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Kansas, Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Texas, Iowa and Missouri—vote to ratify by late July 1919. On July 24, Georgia'southward country legislature becomes the get-go to vote against ratification, thanks to a determined anti-suffrage effort in the Peach State. (Georgia won't formally ratify the 19th Amendment until 1970.) The "antis" describe force from powerful concern interests including the railroad, liquor and manufacturing industries, every bit well as religious and bourgeois groups.

Past year's terminate, Alabama becomes the second state to vote against ratification, while country legislatures in Arkansas, Montana, Nebraska, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Utah, California, Maine, North Dakota, South Dakota and Colorado take all voted to ratify the amendment. Suffragists are 14 states brusk of their target.

January 1920 - Five More than States Ratify

The first month of the new decade brings ratification from Kentucky, Rhode Isle, Oregon, Indiana and Wyoming, and rejection from S Carolina.

March 1920 - 35 States Ratify, One More Needed

Past the end of March, Virginia, Maryland and Mississippi take also voted against ratification. But Nevada, New Jersey, Idaho, Arizona, New United mexican states, Oklahoma, W Virginia and Washington ratify, bringing the total to 35 states—one curt of the goal needed for the amendment to get law.

June 1920 - Delaware'south Vote Against Ratification Strikes a Accident

Delaware'due south vote to reject ratification shocks suffragists, and deals a serious blow to their momentum. Suddenly, the fate of the suffrage amendment appears in doubt. Anti-suffrage sentiment runs high in almost of the states left to vote: Land legislatures in Connecticut, Vermont, Florida decline to consider the amendment, leaving only Due north Carolina and Tennessee, with North Carolina sure to reject.

August 1920 - Tennessee Provides Final Vote

Called into special session, the Tennessee state legislature meets to make up one's mind the fate of the women's suffrage amendment. Catt and other prominent national "Suffs" travel to Nashville to personally anteroom legislators for weeks, as do "Anti-Suffs" determined to keep women from gaining the vote. In the so-called "State of war of the Roses," supporters of suffrage wear white roses, while their opponents don red ones.

The Tennessee Senate votes to ratify, but the vote is tied in the House—until one legislator, Harry Burns, changes his vote subsequently receiving a letter from his female parent urging him to vote for women's suffrage. On August 18, 1920, ane twenty-four hour period later the North Carolina legislature rejects the suffrage subpoena by ii votes, Tennessee becomes the 36th state to ratify.

READ More than: American Women's Suffrage Came Down to One Man's Vote

On August 26, U.S. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby certifies the ratification of the 19th Subpoena, which gives all American women the correct to vote for the first time in history. In Nov, more than eight million American women cast their vote in the presidential election. These voters included many Black women, though many others were prevented from voting by discriminatory laws, intimidation and other tactics of disenfranchisement.

1924 - Native Americans Recognized every bit Citizens

President Calvin Coolidge standing with Charles H. Burke, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and members of the Blackfoot tribe, 1927.

Underwood & Underwood/Library of Congress/Corbis/VCG/Getty Images

Four years after the 19th Subpoena is ratified, passage of the Snyder Deed (aka the Indian Citizenship Deed) makes Native Americans U.Due south. citizens for the first fourth dimension. Only many Native American women (and men) are all the same finer barred from voting for the side by side four decades, until Utah became the last state to extend full voting rights to Native Americans in 1962.

1965 - Voting Rights Human action Protects All Citizens' Right to Vote

After a century of struggle by Black women (and men) against poll taxes, literacy tests and other discriminatory state voting laws, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act into law on August 6, 1965. The biggest legislative accomplishment of the civil rights movement, the bill protects all citizens' right to vote nether the 14th and 15th Amendments.

1984 - Mississippi Becomes Terminal United states State to Ratify 19th Amendment

Mississippi formally ratifies the 19th Amendment on March 22, 1984, becoming the last U.S. state to do and then.

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Source: https://www.history.com/news/19th-amendment-women-vote-timeline